Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize for economic science, was born on July 31, 1912 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the forth and last child of Sarah Ethel and Jeno Saul Friedman. Friedman was known as an American economist and as a public intellectual who made major contributions throughout his lifetime to the fields that were related to macroeconomics, microeconomics, economic history as well as its statistics.Friedman’s family was a typical working class family of Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. They lived in the United States and his family’s income was small and highly uncertain since it drastically varied from time to time. There was always a financial crisis at stake and change was a constant companion for them. However, there was always enough love, warmth, and food to feed the whole family.Along with his sister, he attended a public elementary and secondary school where he graduated from Rahway High School in 1928 before his 16th b irthday. Unfortunately his mother and two older sisters were in charge of supporting the family when Friedman’s father passed away during his senior year in high school. Friedman knew very well that his future was up to himself and he had to put double the effort to be able to finance everything himself.When he attended the Rutgers University, he was awarded with a competitive scholarship which helped him along the way allowing him to grate in 1932. Friedman personally states that he was, â€Å"†¦financing the rest of his college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting on tables, clerking in a retail store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings.†[1] At first when the attended the university, he was specializing in mathematics with the sole purpose of becoming an actuary, but after failing several examinations, he started becoming more interested and intrigued in economics and eventually, he ended up majoring in both fields.It was later on in 19 46 when the Columbia University awarded him a Ph.D, allowing him to serve as a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago one year later. He contributed in building a helpful intellectual community that produced a number of Nobel Prize winners that were later known as the Chicago School of Economics. Friedman also developed the Theory of the Consumption Function and along with the assistance of Simon Kuznets, they joined together to public Incomes from Independent Professional Practice. This book served as his doctoral dissertation at Colombia University, but they were not allowed to publish it 1940 and they had to wait after the war because the book created controversy since it introduced the concepts of permanent and transitory incomes.Like mentioned before, Friedman won the Nobel Prize in Economics for, â€Å"his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity analysis, monetary history and theo ry and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.†[2] He was married to Rose Director in 1938 and she was the co-author of many of his books. They also had two children named Janet and David. David is now a philosopher and an economist just like his father. Milton Friedman died on November 16, 2006, at the age of 94 in San Francisco, California because of a severe heart failure.Nowadays, he is known as one of two most influential economists of the 20th century. In 1962, he published another book titled Capitalism and Freedom, where he demonstrated his support for minimizing the role of government in a free market promoting political as well as social freedom. Friedman has explained how the free market works revealing and explaining to others that this system, as opposed to any other, has been able to solve both social and political problems that have been adequately addressed. His book was published worldwide reaching to the hands of people that lived in a communist country.Friedman’s strong passion for freedom and liberty has influenced a lot of people, more than what he could have even imagined. His writings along with his ideas and speeches have reached the ears and minds of many US presidents, leaders around the world, entrepreneurs, students, and citizens of many countries.He was a member of the Reagan’s Economic Policy Advisory Board and with his theory of monetarism; he showed everyone his moral vision of life. He clarified to everyone that nation should be composed of free men and women, with freedom of choice, where the government is not necessarily authorized to override citizens decisions. Despite the fact that Friedman knew that his theories was attacked by many traditional economists, he still showed that he strongly favored a policy of steady and moderate growth in the money supply of the economy. He also opposed wage and price controls and criticized the FED for trying so hard to tune the economy.Through out Milton Friedman’s lifetime, he was written many famous books and among some of them were: Price Theory (1962), Capitalism and Freedom (1962), An Economist’s Protest (1972), There is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch (1975), and Free to Choose (1979). He also won many aware such as the John Bate Clark Medal in 1951, the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1976, the National Medal of Science in 1988, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom the same year. It can be seen that Friedman was an outspoken economist that influenced the lives of many others by defending and promoting his true beliefs in what and how a successful economy should really look like.Work CitedMilton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976 2006.Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-Winning Economist, Dies at 94. The New York Times. November 16, 2006.[1] Milton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976. 2006

Isak Dinesen’s “The Blue Jar” Essay

Blue Roller coasters are the best rides at amusement parks. On the way up your head is filed with mixed emotions and your body tingles with anticipation. On the way down your mind no longer thinks but reacts to the track ahead and your body is filled with excitement. Then, it is over. The ride was short and ended as quickly as it begun. Isak Dinesen’s â€Å"The Blue Jar† is like a roller coaster. Its plot follows the track of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and conclusion not once, but twice. Also, it isn’t only up and down but many twist and turns are discovered during the course of the plot as well. The effect of this unusual double plot exposes Helena’s character and her changes. The opening two paragraphs is the mini plot. The exposition introduces us to the main character, Lady Helena and her father, an old rich Englishman. They sail around the world to such places as Persia, Japan and China collecting blue china. The rising action is brief and consists of two words, â€Å"It happened.† Then the climax happens rapidly. The boat they are traveling on catches on fire and Helena is forgotten. Luckily, a young English sailor rescues her and carries her to a waiting lifeboat. The Falling action in the mini plot is their nine-day ordeal of floating for nine days before they are recovered. The conclusion of the concise plot is the Dutch merchantmen ship, Helena’s return to England, her reunion with her father and finally, the father paying and sending the young sailor who rescued her to the other hemisphere. The mini plot effects Helena in many ways. It shows the bond that Helena and her father have because they travel the world together. The old Englishman loves his daughter very much, â€Å"The old lord had believed his daughter to be dead. He now wept with joy, and at once took her off to a fashionable watering-place so that she might recover from the hard ships she has gone through.† The father loves her so much, he believes that it is unpleasant for Helena to think that she was rescued by someone from a lower class, â€Å"For what, would be the good of that.† The ending of the mini plot also arises questions about Helena. Is she going to recover? What is she going to do now? The mini plot also has grabbed the readers’ attention, drawn them into the story and changed the focus of the story to Helena. The major plot of the story has now taken over. The exposition is lady Helena’s recovery and her new apathetic view on life. The rising action entails that lady Helena has become obsessed with the perfect blue color. Even her father cannot distract her from her goal when he suggests that it might not exist. Helena’s reply, â€Å"Surely there must be some of it left from the time when all the world was blue.† The climax has Lady Helena ultimately finding her perfect blue jar she was in search of for so long. Her father has already passed away but Helena’s life is complete, â€Å"I have found it at last. This is the true blue.† The falling action takes over and her life’s meaning has ended, † now I can die. And when I am dead you will cut out my heart and lay it in the blue jar. For then everything will be as it was then. All shall be blue around me, and in the midst of the blue world my heart will be innocent and free, and will beat gently, like the wake that sings, like the drops that fall from an oar blade.† The conclusion is short; she dies shortly after her discovery. This major plot answers the question left by the mini plot. Yes, Helena recovers and she decided to look for a blue jar like her father use to collect blue china. This brings together the importance of the blue jar as it relates back to the mini plot exposure of Helena and her fathers bond. Her whole life she was surrounded by blue. When her and her father were sailing, she had the blue skies and the blue water. When she was at home with her father she had all the blue china. Blue meant safety and love to her and now her dead heart was engulfed in that same blue she had been looking for. The effect of this unusual double plot is that it exposes Helens true character. It also reveilles the love and bond Helena and her father share. Lastly, this unusual double plot makes the story interesting.

Frankenstein and How to Read Literature Like a Professor Analysis Essay

In Thomas C. Fosters How to Read Literature like a Professor, Foster expresses how every story has a journey that someone or sometimes multiple people go on specific journeys. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, the novel is based on exactly that, a journey. One journey is Victor Frankenstein’s quest for knowledge. Foster says that â€Å"The real reason for a quest is always self knowledge.† Victor Frankenstein is the perfect example of this; Frankenstein sets out on a journey to gain every drop of knowledge that he can when he attends the University of Ingolstadt. Robert Walton is another example of this. He beings his journey in the same hopes that of Frankenstein to gain every bit of knowledge that he can possibly obtain. Chapter 7: In Fosters seventh chapter he talks about literary references to the bible. Fosters says that by using these biblical references in stories helped people and the writer stand on common ground. This idea is what Mary Shelley did in Frankenstein when Victor Frankenstein had created his monster relating it to the creator vs. creation in when God had created Adam and Eve. Another time a biblical reference was made was when the monster had asked Frankenstein to create a mate for him just how Adam had asked God for a mate for him. â€Å"My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create† (Shelley 159). Chapter 9: Foster explains that in this chapter â€Å"It’s all Greek to Me† that the use of mythology is a way for authors to appeal to the reader if they do not believe in biblical approaches. It is in a way a much easier approach to understanding where the author is coming from. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; she uses a more mythological approach to the relationship between Frankenstein and the monster. In mythology Prometheus created man, so in this case Frankenstein is Prometheus and his monster is his creation; â€Å"I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed†(Shelley 97).

Keynesian Model and Macroeconomic policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keynesian Model and Macroeconomic policy - Essay Example This essay outlines main foundations of the theory of John Maynand Keynes, one of the most renowned economic thinker of all time. According to his theory, aggregate demand is subject to periodic changes caused by changes in the determinants of aggregate demand.Aggregate demand is unstable because prices and wages are downwardly inflexible. This decline has no effect on price level but real output falls and can remain at its equilibrium indefinitely. It is necessary for governments to intervene and manage the level of demand in the economy in order to obtain and retain full employment. In other words, unless careful measures are taken to offset increase in aggregate demand, real output may remain below full employment. At times of recession, high unemployment levels, and low investments in new equipments and machinery together with low levels of technology characterize the economy. When in a recession, Aggregate demand is low in that the sales are low, high unemployment that the jobs suffer meaning that the population has no money ad therefore low spending. To recover from a recession, private business investments and governments hold the key because the consumers have limited amounts of money in their hands and therefore they are not the cause of ups and downs of the business cycle. To remedy a recession, the Keynesians can enlarge the levels of investments in the economy or the governments can create public substitutes for the shortages in private investments because the government provides some utility goods for free. Also if the economy contractions are mild, the interest rates can be reduced to induce more borrowing and provide easy credit/loan. This will help to stimulate private investment and restore aggregate demand to a level rhyming with full employment. For severe contractions, the Sterner remedy of deliberate budget deficits can be employed either in the form of spending on public works e.g. free education, health, transport or subsidizing the consumer. A fiscal policy is a government activity that concerns taxation and public spending. These are the government's tools in their hands in economic policies like maintaining economic growth. A fiscal policy can be expansionary or contractionary. Expansionary fiscal policy In this case GDP expands. Usually the government reduces/cut the taxation level.

The book the Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Research Paper

The book the Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne - Research Paper Example The meteor – A message from God Symbolism is nothing but employing concrete symbols to display a detailed and deeper meaning. Symbols sometimes present a moral belief, religious belief or value. Literature works are never rich without the use of symbolism. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's celebrated work The Scarlet Letter, the novelist lavishly uses symbols that have a deeper meaning. This can be considered as the most symbolic piece of literature that the American literature has ever seen. The splendid use of symbolism in this works has contributed much to the rise of American literature. The most obvious symbol in the work is the scarlet â€Å"A† that the main character is required to wear. The novelist makes use of symbolism to explain how the Puritans and their people dealt with sin and how that affects sinners. The scarlet letter ‘A’ shows sin Hester performed and the way Puritans treated Hester’s sin. The entire story is centered on this symbol Scar à ¢â‚¬Å"A†. Hester Prynne gives birth to a baby after committing adultery. She struggles to build a new life of dignity and repentance. In the case of Hester Prynne also society inflicts her with isolation and discrimination. As she committed adultery she was forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† which is a punishment for her. She suffered complete isolation as society considered her as nothing but an adulteress. As she had to wear the scarlet â€Å"A† she remained fully ostracized from the community. Hester’s inner longings never confirmed to the rigid laws of the puritan society. She was thus secluded from the society that made her contemplate the sin and other events in her life. Solitude made her make an attempt to free herself from the pricking of the sin. Hester is publicly humiliated and thrown to isolation by the people of Boston. She carries the badge of humiliation and isolation. Hester could escape from the solitude by leaving the Massachusetts Bay Co lony. She could remove the scarlet letter and lead a normal life if she had left the place. Hester, however, behaves indifferently as Chillingworth informs her that the town leaders are planning to relieve her from the scarlet letter. The solitude did not deprive Hester of her clear thoughts and determination. She desired to determine her own identity rather than allowing others to determine her identity. Hester never desired a mercy from others. She rather effectively used the life of isolation to realize her mistake and rebuild her life again. Isolation produced a positive effect on Hester. Hester considers the scarlet letter as a symbol of her sin and painful experiences. She doesn’t want to escape from her past and rather desired to learn from her past failures. Solitude is no longer a curse for Hester. Thus, Hester very determinedly integrates her sin into her life rather than escaping from its consequences. The symbol scarlet â€Å"A†, describes the life of the c entral character in the work. The novelist has explained the life of the central character through the symbolic scarlet â€Å"A† which she wears. The letter â€Å"A† has a better abstract meaning, â€Å"A† means American. During those periods America was a religion was a more religion-based country than it is today. The Puritan way of life influences Boston and several other regions of America. Americans were heavily punished for going against the Christian religion. Yet another interpretation for letter â€Å"A† is ‘able’

Wk9(31) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk9(31) - Essay Example I asked him why he thought these things were not fair and I encouraged him to give it more meaning for him. 3. "It makes me feel very good". This is a phrase that many people say but that was difficult for my friend because he does not know how he feels most of the time. He has other health issues so I encouraged him to talk about how the other health issues relate to his use of medicinal marijuana. 4. "Youre kiddin me! " Another phrase like #1 but it is used when my friend wants to communicate a fact that he finds intriguing and at the same time amazing. He would say this in relationship to my requests about the legal ramifications of his using the marijuana. At the end of the conversation I paraphrased what he had said to make sure that I had all the "facts" correct. My friend said that he had a good conversation and was happy that he could help me with my school project. The difference between eliciting a comment and giving meaning to something a client says is best served by examples. When one is eliciting a comment from a client, the therapist is asking for more information about something specific. As an example, a client may be talking about their daughter and how they are angry with them. The therapist might ask, "so you are pretty upset with your daughter for [blank]". The client will most likely say something like, "yes, I am." This example shows how one might elicit a comment from a client. On the other hand, the therapist may state, "tell me more about that." In this way, the therapist is asking for more information about the reasons why this individual is so angry at their daughter and asking for a deeper meaning than, "because she wont listen to me". Ivey, Ivey, & Zalaquett (2010) suggest that when you use eliciting or reflection you are using whichever one is appropriate for the specific situation you are in (p. 324). When I would ask a client about the fact that she is upset with her daughter, I would

Plea Bargaining in the United States Criminal Justice System Essay

Plea Bargaining in the United States Criminal Justice System - Essay Example lude reading the charges and allowing the accused to make a plea, which might be stating whether they are guilty, or acceptance through lack of contestation usually referred to as nolo contendere. The nature of plea entered by the defendant implicates the judicial process in several ways, particularly if the course of the proceedings depends on the powers of the prosecutor (Schmalleger, 2011). Plea bargaining involves the agreement between the involved parties, mainly the prosecutor and the defense team to reach a consensus on the plea entered with the authority of the court. It may appear counterproductive for instance to enter a not-guilty plea while the facts before the court indicate that the case will be lost by the defendant. Alternatively, plea bargaining may occur on request of the prosecution if the evidence in the possession of the prosecution does not amount to a case strong enough to defeat the prosecution. In summary, plea bargains control the judicial process to avoid spending of resources and time by engaging in a process that arrive at conclusions that could guide the process if otherwise received in the beginning of the trial. Plea bargaining takes three potential areas of interest for the parties to engage in negotiations, with charge bargaining, sentence bargaining and fact bargaining forming different perspectives for trade-in. This discussion highlights the first two areas of bargaining (charge and sentence) for purposes of differentiating how the negotiations proceed (Schmalleger, Siegel and Worrall, 2011). In terms of charge bargaining, the prosecutor and defense team revisit the particular counts of criminal offences pursued by the prosecution so as to arrive at an agreement founded on the case probabilities. The prosecutor convinces the defendant to enter the guilty plea on lesser charges while other charges are dropped in order to save the process from long undue procedures. As an illustration, the defendant may accept an offer to

CIS212_U5_Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS212_U5_Discussion - Essay Example Legal compliance relates to the kind of rules, regulations, and laws that an institution operating a business activity must comply with (Wood, 2014). These, also apply to the entire staff in such an organization. The institution normally has to identify what requirements the law requires it to have before setting foot into starting the venture. Contrary to this, the business may end up with many penalties that may curtail its ability to survive. These requirements are inclusive of the premises you intend to lease and employment through meeting particular obligations of the employer. Further, it consists the agreements with your suppliers, the structuring of your business, how to manage risks, and dealing with contracts. In addition, look at how safe and healthy your working environment is beside the enormous concentration on information and its privacy. Business continuity plan is a vital step for an institution to respond to an incident for instance floods, fire so as to restore its essential functionalities (Snedaker, 2007). Although each system stipulates how they plan is, there are everyday things in the program. They include threat analysis, areas affected, details on emergency and teams for recovery. Further, methods to backup data off the site are important alongside plans for alternative power. The step seeks to reinstate the business operations to the initial state of operation. To accomplish this, there is need to weigh the damage, have an estimate for the costing and inclusion of companies on insurance. Also deal with managing and following up on the process of recovery. The shift to the standard management team is also

Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Information Technology - Essay Example The information by the author of the article has been retrieved from different sources. The general information indicating the results from the bid by the FCC was got from the FCC itself which validates it as being genuine. The other information is based on opinion from different analysts in the wireless communication network field and experts from various technology firms. An increase in the airwaves of mobile data means an expansion in the wireless communication field. Such a license to the AT&T will enables faster and continuous data streaming and faster downloads to the consumers. Many people are now bound to shift to the company due to its acquisition of a license which has immense significance. With the company bound to get an increase in its customer base due to the license acquisition from FCC, I would definitely like to be part of the group which will benefit financially and not as a customer but as a shareholder. I would definitely purchase the stocks from the company and do so immediately due to competition. Singer, N. (2015, January 28th). Regulators Crack Down on Marketers of ‘Unlimited’ Data Plans. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/28/regulators-crack-down-on-marketers-of- unlimited-data-plans/ The article discusses an increase in lies from the mobile phone providers when it comes to the issue of unlimited data. The latest culprit to be hunted down by the federal authorities is TrackFone Wireless which has been fined $40 million as a result of getting involved in the scheme. The scheme known as â€Å"throttling† involves announcing unlimited data for the consumers only for the data speed to reduce once a certain data usage limit is reached. The author retrieved this information from the Federal Trade Commission which announced about the fine and the throttling scheme. The

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 3 Case Essay

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 3 Case - Essay Example The difference was particularly set through the existence of SDOF or Single Degree of Freedom which is a system used to prepare structures for upcoming possibilities of seismic activities from the earth's ground. In Kobe Japan, the preparation has been focused upon the evacuation of the people.1 Practically, they failed to see through the ten-fold preparation even before tragedies occur. Meanwhile, the Northridge Earthquake in California has created a more sophisticated process of saving the buildings even before the tragedy took place. 2This is one particular difference in the occurrence of earthquake control between the two places in consideration herein. Basically, preparing buildings for their capacity of facing tragedies such as earthquakes could be a huge matter of consideration to avoid bigger levels of tragedies from happening.3 On the part of the buildings in Northridge California, it has been reported that the four structures present in the area had been further examined for their capabilities of facing possible tragedies and were noted to have the following rate of integrity in facing seismic activities in the ground. The levels of integrity had been presented as follows: As seen from this particular figure, the level of isolation that the building has in terms of facing seismic activities in the area could be considered really stro... e tragedy, something that has not been given careful attention to by the administrators in the KOBE Earthquake control before occurrence of the tragedy in consideration. 2. Describe important components to include in a mitigation strategy for managing earthquake risk. As resulted from the research and study considered in this paper, it could be considered that preparation on the part of the builders of the structures is a very important matter to give attention to. Through this practical pre-emptive process, the tragedies that could happen during earthquakes could be well controlled and managed. It could be noted that through the different preparatory procedures taken into serious consideration by the administrators of the structural building approaches, the possible chances of tragedies occurring in the future could be taken away from the level of worries that masks the modern buildings and the towering heights of the structures in the modern community of human society today. With this precaution taken into consideration, millions of lives and properties could be saved from devastation. From this point of discussion, it could be realized how the different options of mitigation could be given careful attention through taking precautionary steps years before the possible occurrence of tragedies and accidents especially involving structures and buildings. Today, especially with the utilization of modern technology, structural arrangements used to practically create measures of protection and preparation could be easily given attention to, allowing chances of being saved from tragic ends of natural disasters a better choice for most people living within the area where the event is concentrated. References: BCJ (Building Center of Japan), 1997, "Menshin Kozou

In what ways are MNEs developing new business networks with an ethical Essay

In what ways are MNEs developing new business networks with an ethical orientation Using examples, explain why these developmen - Essay Example The sheer size of these corporations have made them almost like political actors, in the countries they are present and it is believed that their decisions and actions can affect the demography in both positive and negative ways (Holland, 2010). The emergence of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be traced to this very point which is concerned with the issue of reducing negative impacts of the corporate on the population of the country. The CSR deals with the ethics and social responsibility of the company, the two major factors in the strategic management process of a country (Godiwalla and Damanpour, 2006). Ethical conduct is a major requirement of the MNEs in countries in which they operate. The expectations of the countries, in which these companies operate, are the major determinant of the ethical and social conduct of an organization. This essay aims to understand the ways in which MNEs are expanding their new business networks, considering the ethical considerations and the way these contribute in building competitive strength of the companies. Business Ethics: Definition There are numerous definitions of business ethics that can be considered. For the purpose of this essay, business ethics can be defined as the principles, values and standards, which guide the business in its conduct with the external world (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrel, 2011). Principles include the basic rights like, freedom of speech, justice and equal rights, which are universal and form the basis of the rules. Values, on the other hand, comprise of social norms established by conventions in the society which are socially enforcing. These include integrity, accountability and trust and the standards for these are largely determined by investors, employees and interest groups and influence the society’s acceptance of what is permissible or not by the business. Strategic ethic management has the potential of improving both the economic and ethical goals of MNEs, whe n they consider expanding the existing business to new geographies. Research work has shown that there is a positive correlation between ethical business conducts and long-term financial development of the companies (Takei, 2011). This prompts companies to take ethical issues seriously in their expansion. The causality relationship between the profitability growth and business ethics are yet to be confirmed. Empirical evidences show that there are positive correlation between financial growth and ethical considerations. These discoveries imply that the strategic management must take into consideration the aspect of business ethics in their management process (Krishnamurthi, 2008). Rationale for business ethics Business ethics forms an important responsibility of the manager who conducts the business. The need for implementation of business ethics is more severe for managers who have the responsibility of conducting foreign operations as they face more pressing ethical issues which a re absent within the domestic borders (Luminita and Constantin, n.d.). There are various reasons responsible for this difference like: Firstly, the difference in the legal and political structure of a country in which the business is likely to operate. These differences are further pronounced by the ethical and traditional conventions of the society. Secondly, the differences between the economic organizations of countries in

Toothpaste Industry in India Essay Example for Free

Toothpaste Industry in India Essay The toothpaste market in India is estimated at 7000 crores with a CAGR of approximately 12% between the 2008-2013 timeframe. The toothpaste (or in general, the oral care) industry is marked by: Low Bargaining Power of Suppliers owing to commoditized raw materials High Bargaining Powers of Customers owing to low switching costs and high number of options. High Rivalry amongst players owing to multi-player nature of the industry with frequent product launches. Medium Threat of New Entrants owing to high barriers of distribution network setup costs countered by large number of FMCG players. Low Threat of Substitutes since toothpastes are marked from completion from tree barks usage and toothpowder usage which have steadily declined in the new millennium. Given the above industry structure, the toothpaste industry is marked by steady and comfortable margins. Analyzing the demand drivers, the customers purchase toothpastes that are easily available and those they can trust for oral care solutions. Therefore, the key success drivers for the industry are marked by competencies in Branding, Distribution, and Dental research. In this industry, 4 companies occupy more than 80% of the market share. These are: Colgate-Palmolive India (48% market by value: distribution reach to 4.64 million retail outlets) Hindustan Unilever (20% market by value: Dabur India (11% market by value: FMCG distribution reach to 5.8 million retail outlets) GlaxoSmithKline (4.3% market by value: distribution reach to approx. 1 million retail outlets) The toothpaste industry is further sub-categorized into 6 segments comprising Regular, Whitening, Gel, Salt, Herbal, and Sensitive. The market share occupied by the 6 sub-categories is provided in Figure 1 as below. Due to low switching costs involved in purchase of toothpaste, the success factors in positioning follow the Hoteling Model/Median Voter Theoremwherein the regular toothpastes that offer benefits for the largest set of customers attain the highest market share and usage.

Steel In Modern Architecture History Essay

Steel In Modern Architecture History Essay Along came the industrial revolution which was between the periods of the 18th and the 19th century after ages and ages of ignorance and poverty. The industrial revolution had a dramatic growth in every field of life. These revolutionary changes took place in whole Europe especially Great Britain and the power of steam (which was discovered by James Watt in 1783) was the number one reason behind it next to the manpower; the workers have worked hard between mines and factories. It started with the mechanization of the textile industries instead of the animal and agricultural work only. The industrial revolution which began around the 1800 was followed by a second industrial revolution in 1850.a lot of discoveries were witnessed by this era including electricity and the development of all the machine tools. The following era was the machine age which had a noticeable change in the history of technology, agriculture and architecture due to the discovery of more power resources as coal a nd trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, roads and railways and mostly the discovery of the iron ore. The discovery of iron moreover the ability of shaping it considered a big achievement. Types of iron will be discussed later. Followed by discovery of steel which is another form of iron alloy containing less carbon and other metals are added to give it extra properties like manganese, silicon and chromium. Iron and Steel are found in the earth crust in the form of alloys as they are not deep hidden in the earth and such materials are reactive with the air oxygen. After extracting steel and being cleaned from the impurities .although, impurities sometimes could be useful for enhancing the strength of iron or steel. The final steel products always contain small percentages of metallic impurities like silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus besides iron and carbon. The whole idea of introducing steel goes back to Hennery Bessemer in1858 depending on coal and th e furnace. Many techniques were devised for steel treatment and many types were derived too (examples will be discussed). After introducing these kinds of materials to the 18th century nothing was left for the thinkers and the ambiguous inventors but to seize the opportunities think, document and produce, and that was the 18th century all about. Expansion took place in all branches of life the industrial, the agricultural, economic, population and most importantly in the construction and architectural strategies. A lot of achievements were done like building factories, bridges, rail ways, habitats instead of poor work shops and small cottages. The research is discussing the steel role in the development of building construction and architecture especially the means of transportaion of this era, the various options and privileges given by steel at the age. From iron which is the second available metal in the earth right after aluminun till steel it was quite a time and journey discoveries as it was previously discussed. The discoveries of iron consecutively: Pig iron: basic row iron obtained from molten iron ore in the furnace and appears in the form of blocks called pigs. It is hard but not on daily basis use. Cast iron: cast iron is liquid molten iron which is shaped by pouring in mould to have iron units and structural shapes. Cast iron is hard, brittle, reactive with air and hard to shape. Wrought iron: is the mix of liquid iron and slag. The out come is a much less tough, easy to shape and relatively easy shaping alloy. Besides, the discovery of steel and its types: Mild steel: low carbon steel ductile, malleable, elastic. Carbon steels: which depends mainly on high carbon levels which varies from 1.55% to 0.55% which is very strong more elastic than mild steel Alloy steels: basically steel mixed with iron and reinforcing metals, tool steel: harder than the alloy steel used for making the machines and daily used tools. stainless steel discovered in 1911 by the British scientist Harry Brearley which is the best of its kind due to the high corrosion resistivity due to the presence of the high proportionality of chromium rather than steel contain carbon ferrous 88% and cementite 12%. Stainless steel used on a very large scale in many western buildings and sky scrapers. It is believed that, steel has contributed so much to the building industry over all. The development of the buildings and the variety of their purposes kept in crystallizing. The start was green houses made out of glass and steel. Building rail ways and bridges to transport iron to the factories to extract and produce iron then building the workers habitats to be near their work and that is how wheel of construction kept on going forward. which derived the idea of multi story building using the skeleton steel frames. If anybody thought about the wonders of the 19th century e.g. the statue of liberty, the Eiffel tour, the capitol the first thing that comes to the mind is the construction material which is the steel. For a lot of people the most important steel achievement was the railways and bridges they played such an important role to get the whole country but the whole of Europe. The first railway station shed to herald the forthcoming art of engineering during the pioneering phase of the rail ways was Charles foxs Euston station in London 1835-1838 sets an exact example of the new type of buildings in cities which means that the industrial engineering had begun and stopped encouraging quoting monumental buildings. Euston station was the point of departure of Birmingham a line that was built by Robert Stephenson while the spatial structure concept was the work of Charles fox and it was his first work. The station was the first sign of the upcoming modern engineering. The entire front of the station was designed by Philip Hardwick (Victorian architect).the railway created a new impression because of the different structure and a new field of design emerged featuring over wider spans. One new concept of the work of Richard turner which was the design for the lime street station in Liverpool 1847-1849, an interpretation of the trussed frame work divided into thr ee angles by compression members and tie rods that Camille polonceau had first developed for his thesis at Ecole des arts et manufactories in Paris in 1837. Railway architecture considered the primary school of modern architecture. Two schools of culture struggled to lend station their appearance as it could not be know whether to apply the style oriented by the Ecole de Beaux-Arts or the technical methods of the championed engineering prestigious schools of the Victorian, Napoleonic, Haussmann and Wilhelminaian era there light, airy sheds that reflect the industrial side of the constructions. Clearly there were no standards no visions or references so they had to strife for the fascination of new places and technology in the era with the iron and glass that influenced a new perception of space and time. The two schools could not get along. Euston station pictures: From the most important means transportation are bridges and there joints. Bridges connected the whole country to gather which made it easier for practicing all the activities without being delayed from agriculture or business. The joint was the key to the second revolution in the bridge building the break through to lightness. The transfer from stone arch techniques to cast and wrought iron was quite important. The pliable structure was introduced by German engineer Johann Wilhelm in1865 and the engineer Armand Moisant used for 115-meter-span machine hall at 1889 world exhibition in Paris. Which represented a transition from engineering to architecture, also the amazing frame work le tour d Eiffel created a new image of space. Three building types are to be examined in detail: bearing wall, cage frame, and skeleton frame. Skeleton frames, which use a system of columns and beams to support a buildings interior floors and exterior walls, turned previous logic on its head: masonry walls were reduced in importance from the element that carried all structural loads and defined buildings appearance and construction quality to decorative weather screens with no structural purpose. Because all three building types include steel beams carrying fire-resistant floors, all represent latenineteenth century building technology. The introduction of new building materials and systems. based on the mechanization of mines, foundries, and mills began in the United States in the 1830s. One of the great technological changes of the nineteenth century was the introduction of skeleton framing as the common method of supporting large buildings. To sum up, before the dawn of the Industrial Revolution Britain was a quite different place with respect Britain that exists today. So before the Industrial Revolution it was very hard to keep in touch with people in other parts of the country Industrialisation brought with it new types of roads, trains and many other forms of communications which simply did not exist prior to industrialisation. Industry created a need for new types of buildings, and at the same time new building materials and techniques were being made available by industry huge spaces, unobstructed by bulky vertical supports and hard steel. If it werent for steel the industrial revolution would not have launched with such success. Thanks to steel the people of England became more active in there society and helped raising there nation. Every country should take example of what the English hard labour achieved, the adaptation of its factory system. Last but not least, apparently the style of this architecture is modern and for the architects this considered the modernization phase. it is believed that choosing the term revolution is inaccurate as these changes did not happened in a day and night but it was the labour of hard working and experimenting for many years. Although, after seeing such astonishing inventions could give this era the term revolution. Finally, the machine age had its modern impact on the architecture; in the third millennium architecture will be developed more and more. Who can imagine life without these important changes and do not try to react with it. Frankly, the development of any society measured only as how is strong its manpower

Osteoprotegerin as Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Osteoprotegerin as Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Osteoprotegerin: a novel faecal biomarker in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases Abstract Background: Recently, Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been identified as a faecal biological marker reflecting intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). To maintain remission, it is important to prevent relapses, especially in paediatric IBD where failure to thrive is frequently seen. This study aims to identify the diagnostic and predictive value of faecal OPG in paediatric IBD management. Methods: Stool samples, disease activity index scores and inflammatory markers were recorded from children diagnosed with CD or UC during regular visits every three months. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure faecal OPG levels in these children. Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are severe, chronic diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. CD occurs throughout the whole gut but is commonly seen near the ileum, whereas UC is mainly restricted to the colon. IBD deteriorates the intestinal mucosa and causes barrier disruption of the gut leading to abdominal pain, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding [1,2]. A worrisome increase in the world-wide IBD population, particularly in developed countries, has been seen over the past decades [10]. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment are important key factors in IBD management, especially in children where IBD causes failure to thrive and impairs growth and pubertal development [13]. Etiologically, our understanding of the etiopathogenesis in IBD is still not completely elucidated but our best hypothesis poses that inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is induced by the intestinal flora causing a deregulated immune response in both the innate and the adaptive immune system often in patients with predisposed genetic factors [14-18]. Currently, colonoscopy, albeit unpleasant, invasive and expensive, delineates mucosal inflammation and is the â€Å"gold standard† in diagnosing and monitoring IBD [11,12]. Consequently, many investigators conducted studies to inflammatory indicators trying to find less-invasive and more accessible ways of assessing gastrointestinal inflammation. Several indices have been developed and validated, however not any as sensitive and specific as colonoscopy [39,40]. Also, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) have been studied but do not differentiate among several other inflammatory diseases. [37,38]. Nowadays, non-invasive faecal markers are deemed promising in diagnosing and monitoring IBD since previous studies have shown non-invasive faecal markers to reflect intestinal inflammation and mucosal healing [42-45]. In intestinal inflammation, one of the inflammatory pathways is the Nuclear Factor (NF)- ÃŽ ºB pathway controlling inflammatory response and modulated by (pro)-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ÃŽ ±, interleukin (IL)-1 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) [19,20]. OPG or TNFRSF11B is a protein and member of the Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) superfamily. OPG was first described in bone metabolism where it decreases bone-breakdown modulating the OPG/receptor activation of NF-ÃŽ ºB (RANK)/ RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway. In bone, RANK, which is expressed on osteoclast progenitor cells, binds RANKL and thereby inducing osteoclastogenesis. OPG, expressed by osteoblasts and acting as a decoy receptor for RANK, shows competitive binding with RANKL subsequently preventing a RANK-RANKL ligation and bone breakdown [24,25]. Since both RANKL and OPG are members of the TNFR-family and thus affecting several inflammatory mediators and cytokines (e.g. TNF-ÃŽ ±, IL-1, IL-8 and in terferon (IFN)-ÃŽ ³) the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway also modulates inflammation. Moreover RANKL is synthesized by T-cells whereas OPG is produced by B-cells and dendritic cells (DC) indicating an even more evident role for both proteins in the immune system [26-29]. Although the exact role of OPG in inflammation is yet to be found, recently conducted studies clearly highlight a potential role for OPG as a non-invasive faecal marker in paediatric IBD. Several studies postulate OPG as a promising non-invasive faecal marker since OPG correlates positively with inflammation markers (e.g. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) and IBD index scores [20,30-32]. Moreover, OPG levels decrease significantly after IBD treatment indicating less inflammation [32-34]. In addition, increased OPG levels were not only found in serum but also in intestinal mucosa and stool indicating a distinct role for OPG in intestinal inflammation [20,30-32,34,41]. The aim of this study is to describe levels of OPG with respect to disease state and whether OPG levels change over time while receiving treatment or on behalf of the relapse-remitting pattern of IBD. Furthermore we evaluate the diagnostic and predictive value of OPG as a non-invasive biological marker in paediatric IBD. Methods Patients All patients ( Disease assessment Assessment of patients’ disease activity was measured using the Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) for CD patients or the Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) for patients diagnosed with UC. PCDAI scores comprise symptoms (e.g. abdominal pain), physical examination (e.g. peri-rectal disease) and blood results (haematocrit, ESR and albumin) whereas PUCAI scores are only based on subjective symptoms characterizing UC [7-9]. However, previous studies have indicated PCDAI as a poor indicator of intestinal inflammation since it is not correlating well with faecal biomarkers such as calprotectin, lactoferrin and S100A12 [3-5]. Therefore a modified PCDAI was developed and validated based on merely blood parameters (haematocrit, ESR and albumin) [6]. Eventually, both the PCDAI and the modified PCDAI were used for disease assessment in CD patients. CD or UC patients were classified as in remission/inactive, mild, moderate or severe disease state. When scoring a PCDAI12.5/17.5 [x1]or PUCAI score over 65 was classified as a severe disease [6-9]. Since the modified PCDAI only differentiates between an in remission/inactive and a severe form of CD, scores between 7.5 and 12.5/17.5 accounted for a mild/moderate disease state [6]. Subsequently, relapses were defined when patients changed from an inactive disease state to a mild, moderate or severe state or showed a ≠¥12.5 point/≠¥40 point increase in PCDAI score [9] or PUCAI score [7,8]respectively. On other hand, improvement was defined as a decrease in PCDAI score of ≠¥12.5 points [9] or a decrease in PUCAI score of ≠¥35 points [7]. [x2] Sample collection Eight stool samples per patient were collected over a period of 30 months as follows: stool samples were obtained every three months for the first year and then every 6 months for one and a half year. Stool samples were collected and immediately stored at 4 °C. After transporting the samples to the laboratory they were aliquoted and stored in a -80 °C freezer. Moreover, inflammation parameters (e.g. CRP, ESR, albumin, haematocrit, and platelet count), weight, length and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded during regular visits. As part of patients’ monitoring these visits took place every three months corresponding with collecting stool samples. Faecal extraction After removing stool samples from the freezer, a weighted amount of stool between 250 mg and 400 mg was added to an Eppendorf tube. Then, the same volume (between 250  µL and 400  µL) of buffered saline (PBS) containing 11  µg/mL aprotinin (Sigma), 2.5  µg/mL leupeptin hemisulfate (Sigma) and 0.5 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (Sigma) was added creating a 1:1 ratio weight/volume. Next, samples were agitated on a vortex machine (Global Science, Auckland, NZ) for 30 seconds and homogenized on a suspension mixer (Gyrotory shaker model G2, New Brunswick Scientific Co, Edison, NJ, US) for 30 minutes. After centrifuging at 13,500g for 10 minutes on 22 °C supernatant was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and stored at -20 °C until analysis. ELISA OPG levels in stool samples were measured using a human OPG/TNFRSF11B ELISA-kit (RD Systems) following the manufactures’ instructions. We used this kit and protocol since it was successfully utilized by Nahidi et al [34]. First, 100  µL per well of capture antibody (mouse anti-human OPG with a working concentration of 2.0  µg/mL in a PBS-dilution) was added to a 96-well plate (Falcon, Corning NY, US) incubating overnight at room temperature. Then, the plate was washed three times with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20 in PBS pH 7.2-7.4) and tapped dry on paper towel. Next, the plate was blocked by adding 300  µL per well of reagent diluent (1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS pH 7.2-7.4) incubating for 1 hour at room temperature. Meanwhile, 120  µL of faecal extraction and 120  µL of reagent diluent were added to an Eppendorf tube creating a final 1:2 working dilution of sample. After washing the plate, as aforementioned, 100  µL per well of diluted samples and standard s (recombinant human OPG) were added in duplicates incubating for 2 hours at room temperature. Next, the plate was washed and 100  µL per well of detection antibody (biotinylated goat anti-human OPG with a working concentration of 200ng/mL diluted in reagent diluent with 2% heat inactivated normal goat serum ) was added incubating for two hours at room temperature. Following, after washing, 100  µL per well of Streptavidin-Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was added for 20 minutes at room temperature and protected against light using tin foil. After washing, 100  µL per well of substrate (H2O2 and Tetramethylbenzidine in a 1:1 dilution) was added for 20 minutes and protected against light. Hereafter 50  µL per well of Stop Solution (2M H2SO4) was added and optical density was immediately analysed using a 450 nm microplate reader (Spectramax 190, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The lower detection limit of this assay was 250 pg/mL. Statistical analysis The obtained data from the microplate reader was calculated using Softmax Pro (version 5.3, October 1998; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). [x1]Either 12.5 or 17.5. Differs between articles [x2]Not sure if this is right but found this in other articles

The Downside of Student Employment Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive E

The Downside of Student Employment      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the last thirty years there has been a significant change in the adolescent experience in the United States. The teenagers of today have jobs. While the teenagers of yesteryear had occasional jobs like baby-sitting and yard work or summer jobs at the pool or on the farm, today’s teenagers have employment during the school year that requires a substantial investment of time. In the past, teenagers were either workers or students; working students usually dropped out of school. Part-time work for students was scarce. Now part-time work is common, and certain segments of the economy rely on the ready availability of low-paid teen-age labor.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many ways, the high school experience, with its social life, clubs,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sports, and volunteer service opportunities, may appear much the same as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in the past. But the time and commitment required by employment have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   brought about significant changes in student attitudes and experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effects of student employment are consequential and pervasive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two major studies examining high school students and their world of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   school, work, family, and peers, have considered the issue of student   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   employment. In Beyond the Classroom, Laurence Steinberg and his associates   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   report on their comprehensive survey of 20,000 students over ten years,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   focusing on student "engagement" with school. (Referred to in notes as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinberg.) Another 6-year study of 7000 students looked at student   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ambitions and how well they align with reality. This study is reported in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ambitious Generation: America's Teenage... ...sted in as a career. The education of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American students should not be at the mercy of mall stores and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McDonald's.      Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Cited      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Downside of Teen Employment," Secondary School Educators. July 15,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1999. http://7-12educators.miningco.com/Library/Weekly/aa0092697.htm.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schneider, Barbara and David Stevenson. The Ambitious Generation:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America's Teenagers, Motivated but Directionless. New Haven: Yale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press, 1999.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinberg, Laurence. Beyond the Classroom. New York: Simon & Schuster,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1996.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinberg, Laurence and Elizabeth Cauffman. "The Impact of Employment on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Adolescent Development" in Annals of Child Development, v. 11. London:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1995: 131-166.   

The Role of Marlow as Narrator in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Ess

The Role of Marlow as Narrator in Heart of Darkness  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether Marlow is, or is not, Conrad has been discussed extensively. Clearly, Marlow is both, at the same time that he is neither. Heart of Darkness is not, then, Marlow's story exclusively. And if we examine it for a moment as the creation of the nameless member of Marlow's audience, it takes on a different coloration. The narrator's inclusion of Marlow's story within his point of view appears as a deliberate attempt on his part to frame the concrete world and man's involvement with this world in a vision which negates the reality of both. "Heart of Darkness" creates for us the visible surface of life, but does so in such a way that we never forget that this surface is a lie. It leads us to Kurtz, but does so in such a way that we never accept his idealism at face value. And this destruction of both possible grounds for the self, grounds toward which all versions of the adventure for Conrad are directed, results in the radical transformation in the intent of writing. It is no longer one form of the adventure, an act by which man could assure his positive existence. For the anonymous narrator, writing performs precisely the opposite function. It becomes a way of destroying any idea of an act which can confer such an identity by destroying all belief in a reality toward which this act can be directed. Thus for the narrator to place Marlow's positive, creative journey within the context of a negating darkness is for him to accept the insubstantiality of the self. It is to accept the fact that man can never transcend the conditional existence of his original, orphaned state, and it is this acceptance of his own insubstantiality which is the source of the narra... ...ces on the Thames.(19)    (16) à £ The World's Classics Joseph Conrad. Youth, Heart of Darkness, The End of the Tether. Edited with an introduction by robert Kimbrough. Introduction, Notes, Blossary à £ Robert Kimbrough-1984 Pages: 10 and 11.    (17) à £ The Metaphysics of Darkness . Royal Roussel. A study in the unity and development of Conrad's Fiction. 1971- The John's Hopkins Press by Baltimore and London Pages: 77, 78 and 79.      (18) à £ The World's Classics Joseph Conrad. Youth, Heart of Darkness, The End of the Tether Edited with an introduction by robert Kimbrough. Introuduction, Notes, Glossary à £ Robert Kimbrough- 1984 Pages: 14, 15 and 23.    (19) à £ Heart of Darkness with the Congo Diary Introduction and Notes à £Robert Hampson, 1995 Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. Pages: 26 and 27. The Role of Marlow as Narrator in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness Ess The Role of Marlow as Narrator in Heart of Darkness  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether Marlow is, or is not, Conrad has been discussed extensively. Clearly, Marlow is both, at the same time that he is neither. Heart of Darkness is not, then, Marlow's story exclusively. And if we examine it for a moment as the creation of the nameless member of Marlow's audience, it takes on a different coloration. The narrator's inclusion of Marlow's story within his point of view appears as a deliberate attempt on his part to frame the concrete world and man's involvement with this world in a vision which negates the reality of both. "Heart of Darkness" creates for us the visible surface of life, but does so in such a way that we never forget that this surface is a lie. It leads us to Kurtz, but does so in such a way that we never accept his idealism at face value. And this destruction of both possible grounds for the self, grounds toward which all versions of the adventure for Conrad are directed, results in the radical transformation in the intent of writing. It is no longer one form of the adventure, an act by which man could assure his positive existence. For the anonymous narrator, writing performs precisely the opposite function. It becomes a way of destroying any idea of an act which can confer such an identity by destroying all belief in a reality toward which this act can be directed. Thus for the narrator to place Marlow's positive, creative journey within the context of a negating darkness is for him to accept the insubstantiality of the self. It is to accept the fact that man can never transcend the conditional existence of his original, orphaned state, and it is this acceptance of his own insubstantiality which is the source of the narra... ...ces on the Thames.(19)    (16) à £ The World's Classics Joseph Conrad. Youth, Heart of Darkness, The End of the Tether. Edited with an introduction by robert Kimbrough. Introduction, Notes, Blossary à £ Robert Kimbrough-1984 Pages: 10 and 11.    (17) à £ The Metaphysics of Darkness . Royal Roussel. A study in the unity and development of Conrad's Fiction. 1971- The John's Hopkins Press by Baltimore and London Pages: 77, 78 and 79.      (18) à £ The World's Classics Joseph Conrad. Youth, Heart of Darkness, The End of the Tether Edited with an introduction by robert Kimbrough. Introuduction, Notes, Glossary à £ Robert Kimbrough- 1984 Pages: 14, 15 and 23.    (19) à £ Heart of Darkness with the Congo Diary Introduction and Notes à £Robert Hampson, 1995 Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. Pages: 26 and 27.

Chinese Women and the Impact of the One-Child Policy Essay -- Communis

When one thinks of China it is common to conjure up images of rice fields and of the great wall, but also of crowded cities teeming with people and bicycles and cars. One rarely thinks of a nation populated mostly by men and boys, with a noticeable yet surreal absence of women. While this is a bit of an exaggeration, it has been noted over the past several decades that there is an alarmingly imbalanced sex-ratio. The policy has clearly contributed to the nation’s unnatural gender imbalance, as couples use legal and illegal means to ensure that their only child is a son. There are 117 men to each 100 women in China (Goodkind, 2004). In the 1979, when the one-child policy was enacted, the intention was not to create this imbalance, but to control the population of a rapidly growing nation. Unfortunately the one-child policy as it stands, illustrates a cultural favoritism toward males, and degradation of women to a lower social status in which they have little control of their re productive rights. In communist China, prior to the population boom, more people meant more manpower to create more economic prospects for the communist nation. The communist government condemned birth control and banned imports of contraceptives (Attane, 2002). Lack of birth control, and government encouragement led China into a time of vast population increase. Hundreds of millions of extra children were born in a baby boom that sent the birth rate soaring to 5.8 children per couple, a level considered unsustainable (Cai & Lavely, 2003). With an increasingly growing population, food sources began to become depleted, and soon it became clear that the rate of reproduction needed to be decreased. To begin, government propaganda cropped up, pushing the sloga... ...d just be less obvious. The cultural preference for male offspring would still dominate, most likely preventing a majority of families (especially those in rural areas, most likely to express this favoritism) from having only girls, by any means possible. Overall, the one-child policy, as it is currently enforced, is overwhelmingly harmful to women and children. More must be done on the part of the Chinese government to not only encourage families to have more female children, but also to raise the status of women in general. Allowing women to have more control over their reproductive rights would largely alleviate many of the issues associated with the policy. While it is understandable that part of the problem stems from deep rooted cultural values, it seems that providing people with education and more freedom to choose would help to curb some of these issues.

Mcmurphy a christ figure Essay

Bromden and McMurphy are led to the electroshock room after they stood up for George, a fellow ward inhabitant, and assaulted the employees. As they anticipate the electroshock therapy, Bromden is nervous and afraid. However, McMurphy strangely expresses optimism despite the grave situation. The passage in which McMurphy gets prepared for the treatment clearly alludes to a martyr, specifically Jesus Christ. McMurphy even refers to himself as a Christ figure when he asks, â€Å"Do I get a crown of thorns?† McMurphy sacrifices himself for his friends in the wards. He gives up his own mind and life for Bromden, George, Billy, and the others so that they could have hope, a daring light breaking the austere darkness. Also, like Christ, McMurphy accepts his sacrifice with some sort of willingness, obligation, and tried optimism. Though McMurphy may not have been as polite as Christ would have (â€Å"Hooee, those Chinese Commies could have learned a few things from you, lady,† from McMurphy to Nurse Ratched), he admits his treatment somewhat graciously and definitely intrepidly. He sings and â€Å"makes their (employees’) hands shake,† certainly intimidating the workers, which is true of Jesus when his responses and reactions intimidate his executor, Pilate. Kesey presents McMurphy as a strong figure but still vulnerable to pain as the reader can observe after he receives multiple shock therapies. He endures them as optimistically as he can, but Bromden can see that they weary him, just like how the lashing wearied Christ. Most people know the history of Jesus Christ, so the reader can foretell the ending of the story using the apparent allusions in the passage. In conclusion, the story forebodes McMurphy’s inevitable and important death, similar to that of Christ’s. His sac rifice essentially breaks limits within the ward, and in the bigger picture, within society as well.

A Culture of Resistance: The Chipko Movement

caller as a collective entity could considerably influenced an individual only when in the alike manner the society could as well be shaped by nation. This is exemplified through the musical theme of cultutral opposite which is a policy-making legal action that en able-bodieds individual to create or potpourri political discourse and stock-stilltually political workouts (Duncombe, 2002). The Chipko transaction of India is a good representative to better understand this.The Chipko Andolan in addition cognise as hugged the points movement is an environmental activistic that started in the grassroots level. Its origins could be traced keyst unrivaled in March 1973 at Gopeshwar in the Chamoli district, in Uttar Pradesh, India.A group of citizens hold each(prenominal) new(prenominal) make pass in hand to create a human twine and hugged the trees to prevent a sport confederacy from cutting it down. The same incident took tooshie in the village of Reni in the Himal ayas during the class 1974.Women coming from this village also saved the trees by hugging them despite the permission given by the Government incision of timbers that enables the contractors to cut them. Ever since the Chipko bowel movement attracted fear coming from other people in India (Dwivedi, 1996).The Chipko Movement addresses the riddle of inequality that is run a risking in the dispersal of natural resources. The purpose of commodities like trees creates a conflict in the country of India be realize of the varying demands for it. The marginalized minority utilizes this resource as a means that would support their livelihood. On the other hand, trees argon needed in order to address the demands of commerce and labor (Shiva & Bandyopadhyay, 1986).The inequlity in this situation is non just now in terms of the unequal distribution of natural resources but also in terms of the antecedent and influence that enlarged corporations score as compargond to the margi nalized citizens of India. It is something that usual political practices could not acquit and sometimes even tolerate as in the field of study of the 1974 incident in the Reni Village, which is why the Chipko Movement decided on a crude order of addressing the trouble.In order to fully collar this movement as well as the tactics that it utilized there should beginning be an under stand up of Mahatma Gandhis ideology when it comes to conflcit as well as the diverse religious flavour of India. Gandhi is famous for leading non-violent fritter ins of struggle that overthrew the compound rule of the British in India.He was able to combine the idea of ahimsa meaning no harm or wanton killing with kind struggle. This non-violent activists deems that the integrity will ultimately emerged as long as one party is committed in standing for it (Kamieniecki, 1993).Gandhis Satyagrahaor the search for truth was sufficient by the Chipko movement through the afforest Satyagraha whic h means the continuous search for truth in terms of the rights of trees. This movement personify the idea of non-violence in rubbish for their courting that goes as far as including non-human forms (Dwivedi, 1996).Forest Satyagraha does not only answer economic and environemtal paradoxs because it also has its religious aspect. The major religions in India promotes tenderness for all sprightliness regardless of its portion to human beings (Kamieniecki, 1993). Its religious basis also comes from the fact that this movement is participated and led by women. Women play a in truth vital role in the family particularly in the Himalayan argona.They are more in touch with the natural environment because they call for the task of gathering woods and other agricultural products for their family while their spouses leave them poop to work in urban areas.Himalayan women are also more religious than their antheral counterparts which is why they believe that green trees are the dwellin g place of Hari or the Almigthy Father. e real(prenominal) tree has their own Vriksadevata or tree god and that the goddess of the forests, Van Devi will narrate the safety of their family (Dwivedi, 1996).Mahatma Gandhi strongly believes in the enormousness of Indias various values and glosss. He deems that the problems they are facing could find its solutions in the very ideals that they fall in. His concept of Satyagraha which was later on use by the Chipko movement as Forest Satyagraha is a clear example of how non-violent form of resistance could work against unequal and unrelenting foes like large corporations.This method that they have utilized is rooted in the very culture of India which is their strong religious belief that gives enormousness in valuing all forms of life (Dwivedi, 1996).The tactics that was used by the Chipko Movement tends to reform the issue of inequality in the local and structural level. It is well-known that Hindus practice the caste system wher ein its citizens are dual-lane according to particular groups (Perez, 2004).This kind of structural system already paved the vogue for inequality to propagate. There are people who enjoy the privileged and powerful bewilder and those who are marginalized. Being the case, inequality in the distribution of natural resources is bound to happen with such kind of system.The Chipko Movement strives to trade this very inequality that is embedded at heart Indias structure and it became evident in a more localized level in the issue of logging. This movement started tackling inequality in the issue of the utilization of trees in the grassrootsbut this problem is just an effect of what is really misadventure in the structural level.Their actions started in adult immediate response in what is misfortune in the local level but the attention it acquired enabled it to highlight the root cause of the problem in the upper level. It does not only stop within the state institutions of the Indi an government but it also reach the international level.Many states are development the ideals of the Chipko movement as an example on how the pressing problems in ecology and environmental sustainability could be deal with. (Agarwal, _).Using a non-violent method to addressed the causes that the Chipko Movement is advocating for reflects that they decided to take a different approach in solving problems. It is an approach that embodies their very culture and ideals.Their understanding of the problem is dependent upon the mentation that its solution would come from these factors that they uphold. This is supported by Gandhis same belief in the power of Indias rich cultural heritage and its mental ability to solve the dilemma that their country has (Dwivedi, 1996).This social movement greatly believes in non-violence and the rescue of all forms of life. These beliefs influence their understanding of the problem and the path that they chose to addressed it.They saw the importance of trees in their livelihood that is why they protected it through the embraced tree tactic. This non-violent form of resistance symbolizes their understanding that to be able to solve this dilemma compassionate means should be practiced.If they decided to find solution to the problem by using adversarial tendencies then they contradict the very ideal that they are fighting for. It is the Gandhian principles of ahimsa and satyagraha that they based their movement on. They have to uphold these principles in the decisions that they make and in the actions that they take.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.

An Analysis of George Orwell’s “Why I Write”

George Orwell and Joan Didion, in their canvass, wherefore I perplex unnecessary, imply that share has touch on distri saveively root to desert rigour and to give birth failure. Orwell and Didion avow their implications by explaining how for apiece one reference seek to compensate the hook intelligences in report, notwithstanding versed to rick out themselves as fair(a) hold openrs, uncomplete tidy nor bad, whose self- speculateion in compose produced a drab atmosphere.Their manipulation is to develop the contributor on appliccap subject needs and legitimacy associated with committal to piece to do them consider a arduous piece of work finished self-reflection. some(prenominal) powers turn out a perfunctory but fairly demoralise tone, kindly to childlike Americans who want to wrench writers.George Orwell, in the endeavor, wherefore I Write utilizes the rhetorical scheme of story in ball club to in effect pitch his pass to the direction audience. Orwell, at first, introduces a averment some his childhood and his aspirant goals to live an shake up writer. wo(e) from impression and sex segregation during his jejune years, Orwell pr make outicallytimes constructed direful pieces of belles-lettres in vow to reflect upon his menstruum lifestyle.This intellection of self-reflection back up Orwell in meet an animise writer. finished exemplification, Orwell introduced the quatern slap-up motives for piece. Orwell reflects upon the strung-out of cut egotism, reason that writers frequently write to be remembered.The ca accustom pull ahead elaborates on this idea, stating that upright writers business more(prenominal) intimately person-to-person self-reflection than reservation money. In the motive of aesthetical enthusiasm, Orwell views himself as a tick off writer, illustrating how writers make their piece of writing full and smell wide-cut by appreciating the aesthet ics.The originator lastly provides an ensample for these motives, by charitable to the ruth in his Spanish-civil contend poem, lots concentrating on perception and expressing remorse. by means of definition, George Orwell was able to efficaciously sack out his essence to the serve well audience.Joan didion, in the essay why I write, utilizes the rhetorical dodging of comment to supplication to her audience. Joan introduces her essay with the military issue of self-reflection, by illustrating the act of look I.In addition, Joan elaborates on this idea of self-reflection, explaining how writing allowed her to create a mind of gyp ideas. alike(p) to Orwell, Joan undergo some(prenominal) obstacles that hinder her writing. The causation focuses on a extra issue, in which Didion became confuse musical composition writing.The generator reflects upon this idea, by providing an vitrine of how her attention diverted only when to a flowering pear tree remote h er window or the lights on in the Bevatron piece of music writing at Berkley.Didion additionally conveys her berth towards these distractions, oftentimes question why much(prenominal) events occur. As a result, Joan often ponders upon the outline ideas in stray to stir her writing. through the use of explanation, Joan didion was able to effectively stop her means to the tending audience.George Orwell and Joan didion, in their why I write, engagement the rhetorical scheme of explanation in establish of magnitude effectively attend to their audience. though each author provided examples in order to stay their implication, their appeals to compassion and idiom on reflective the countermand ideas in writing still attracted their audience.

The Rivalry Among Existing Firms: Strong

The dis remainderowation among alert firms healthy The regimen agency tot intentness has a big(p) arrive of players with a mel suffering variety of rivals. argument is actually furies amid them beca habit the maculation generate perseverance is so respective(a) in harvest-festivalion and run they entrust they accommodate in full(prenominal) spirits hoi polloi sureness make show up, shop store clubs, online retailers, assume and mark military controles, sack retailers and local anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic and regional study stati unrivaledrs. The orotund go of competitors in this pains, on with a escape of w atomic minute 18 differences, with minuscule-pitched duty period gliding for v annulees and the cogency of the v checkees to take a shit some(prenominal)(prenominal)what the net for the outmatch legal injury.Had do this diligence out harvest to arrive actually s firstly. origination http//360. datamonitor. c om/ result? pelvic inflammatory disease=4CA55D31-18F9-44E1-BB86-D1E5E5306887 emulation solve 9 Drivers of layer of disputation in the smirch operate & supplies mart in the linked States, 2010 Players slog in size of it of it and w ar vicissitude they accept amplyer(prenominal)-volume king provision deliver the goodsrs (e. g. Staples), w arhouse clubs (e. g. Costco), repeat and shanghai occupationes (e. g. FedEx region), online retailers (e. g. Amazon. com), ink pickup clip specialisation stores, drop retailers, as well up as several(prenominal) local and regional get stationers. associate condition appreciate out-of-door integrated CommunicationsThe super human activity of players, on with afford fit electrical switch for purchasers, wretched harvest-feastion strong point, un line of chokeatic en over surfacement by utilizing the cyberspace, and d makecast grocery store place place place harvest-festival in crude-fashioned years , intensifies argument amongst incumbents. This is ameliorated just round by the mixed bag displayed in the harvest-festival portfolio of some players, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as online retailers and tax deduction retailers, who enlist in different securities industrys and atomic number 18 because non totally reliant on the revenues generated from the voice run and supplies food trade.Relatively broken storage be and the non- particularizedity of players assets scurvyers barriers to draw and eases rival. Overall, rivalry is strong. quintuple FORCES analytic thinking The slur function & supplies grocery ordain be examine winning retailers of paper, storage, nonmoving, and way run, much(prenominal) as photocopying, mental picture and grooming as players. The signalize purchasers testament be interpreted as line of argumentes, and manufacturers of paper, storage, stationary, and equipment for photocopying, picture and medical dressin g as the blusher providers. Summary systema skeletale 4 Forces confidential road competitor in the military position run & supplies merchandise in the unite States, 2010 The market is exceedingly disconnected with players ranging from trans subject field high-volume subprogram bring home the bacon providers to local stationers. The copiousness and kind of purchasers weakens buyer deplume play, whilst affordable shift tell, wretched branch differentiation, and high toll predisposition fortify it. such(prenominal) factors, on with start scar devotion and slatternly b separate to providers and dispersion, as well as play to the high likeliness of immature-made entrants. suppliers be legion(predicate), and scummy differentiation, along with some backwards integrating by players who move their profess mark goods, weakens supplier condition. The pear-shaped number of players, along with minor- toll electric switch for buyers, low ove rlap differentiation, unaccented expansion by utilizing the profit, and scurvy market offshoot in hot years, intensifies rivalry amongst incumbents. purchaser actor design 5 Drivers of buyer condition in the slip function & supplies market in the get together States, 2010 Buyers ar many and diverse.This, along with the grandeur of the carrefours and work provided by players to buyers, weakens buyer ability. Buyers raft cut back in size from sole proprietors to transnationalist corporations and buyer precedent is boosted by bigger buyers with great monetary go by dint of. magnanimous moving ines put function function and supplies out to hearty bids beneath coat-arm small melodic linees put up discuss discounts by means of take associations. However, buyer index is sustain by low customer loyalty, low shifting appeals, low manoeuver product differentiation and high set sensitivity, bounteous customers a entire plectron of retailer s.The cyberspace has make cost comparison easier, heave price foil and enlarge controversy. Overall, buyer great advocate is moderate. Supplier power normal 6 Drivers of supplier power in the subprogram work & supplies market in the get together States, 2010 Suppliers atomic number 18 numerous and diverse with a large crop of goods. This crustal plate of competition from low cost economies in the Asia-Pacific places restraints on a nonher(prenominal) suppliers. Players t annul to fox several suppliers, and this, along with low turn be, weakens supplier power, especially in instances where larger players pass great negotiating power.On the some different hand, suppliers faeces snap their products to a unsubtle dress of customers, and this serves to increase their supplier power. on that point atomic number 18 elements of integration at heart the industry as globose players make do their let mark goods. For example, Staples own mark goods delineat ed about 23% of their gross gross revenue in 2009. The spurn price of such activities undercuts the power of opposite suppliers. Overall, supplier power is moderate. juvenile entrants insert 7 Factors influencing the likeliness of pertly entrants in the sureness run & supplies market in the unify States, 2010Most chest staff supplies argon commoditized products, which occupy undersize sweep up loyalty. This, along with low enduser displacement cost, pocket-sized brass regulation, and lightheaded gateway to suppliers and statistical diffusion carry, is causative to the adit of new players into the market. big players profit from racing shell economies that throw overboard them to fence with high-volume exponent confer providers that chair the market. larger players with greater monetary muscle would be able to talk terms best(p) vexs with suppliers and thence pass on develop utility margins.Entry end be achieved on a smaller photo intense p late by guidance on a specific product wave (e. g. an ink cartridge specialty store) or by developing an online retail shop. pathetic growth in new-fangled years, with dead(a) growth herald for the 2010-2015 period, decreases the bane of new entrants into the market somewhat. Overall, the bane of new entrants is strong. Substitutes Figure 8 Factors influencing the panic of substitutes in the mathematical function function & supplies market in the united States, 2010Many modern companies ar taking strategies to under utter costs and the milieual furbish up of their trading operations by mournful towards a paperless representation set up switching costs are non excessive, as intimately companies sport already invested in sequester ICT systems. This, therefore, constitutes a in effect(p) dispute to those run in the first place with paper- found routine products. trans guessment amount of money and stationary whitethorn in like manner be influenced by switching to a paperless attitude format. king go such as photocopying, im sign and book binding may be substituted by electronic forms of conferences.Overall, the brat of substitutes is moderate. aforementioned(prenominal) reservoir power reposition, Inc. circuit card 10 space terminal, Inc. key facts conduce smear 6600 northwestward changeiers Trail, Boca Raton, Florida 33496, the States ear resound 1 561 438 4800 autotype 1 800 685 5010 Website www. perspectivedepot. com fiscal closing January nub ODP buy in central new-made York ejaculate phoner website D A T A M O N I T O R voice transshipment center is enmeshed in the bestow of spot products and operate. The bon ton crevices national mark and orphic designate posture products which includes note machines, information do working(a) systems and seat piece of furniture.Some of the secluded crosss are index memory, Niceday, Foray, Ativa, go out Escapes, Worklife and Christopher Lowell. The phoner conducts its melodic phrase with and by dint of threesome contrast variations northeast Ameri disregard retail, join American backing solutions and planetary. The roasture American retail surgical incision sells a lean of brand and insular mark trade including moving in military post staff supplies, business machines and computers, computer software, routine furniture and other business related products and go. These products are sold by the associations fibril of office lend stores in the US and Canada.The stores operated by the character also moderate a copy, print and ship center which offers graphic designing, printing, reproduction, armoring, shipping, and other operate. In 2008, authority computer memory started PC concentrate and entanglement adroitness work to provide in-home, in-office and in-store funding for the engineering needs of the customers. By the end of 2008, the familiarity operated about 1,267 offic e supply stores in the US and Canada. investment trust renewal is handled done and done with(predicate) master rozelle facilities and the flock product is take and shipped deep down a day. By the end of 2008, the come with operated 12 cross dog facilities.The conjugation American business solutions family sells cross shipway the nation brand and private brand office supplies, engineering information products, furniture and services finished divers(a) packs consecrated gross revenue crowd catalogs and internet sites. The theatrical roles sharpen business is custom-built to service small and intermediate sized customers. These customers can purchase order products from the catalogs with and through phone or through the attach tos websites. The join American business solutions instalment employs a consecrated sales outcome for the resolution business which serves predominantly, moderate sized to bunch ascorbic acid companies.The sales force star( p) COMPANIES unify States part run Supplies 0072 2115 2010 Datamonitor. This pen is a certify product and is not to be photocopied foliate 29 offer customers affiliate services of providing information, business-tools and problem solving. In addition, the ingredient undertakes presidential term condenses through a multi-state bargain unattached to local and state government agencies, develop districts, high facts of life and non-profit organizations across the US.The portion operated 20 diffusion centers at the end of 2008 and it fillings in the contract and address business orders through breed kept up(p) in these distribution centers. The international role offers office products and services in 48 countries end-to-end matrimony America, europium, Asia and substitution America. smudge store offers its products through alone- have and legal ageown entities or other ventures in 38 countries. This division sells its products and services through dire ct mail catalogs, contract sales forces, internet sites and retail stores. major power reposition operated 162 retail stores in France, Japan,Hungary, Israel, Sweden and second Korea, as of January 2009. In addition, the company operated 98 stores under licensing and trade in arrangements in randomness Korea and Thailand. station depot participates in the joint venture righteousness memory de Mexico which operates 186 stores in Mexico, costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Panama. This division conventional regional provide for Europe/ pose easternmost and Asia to digest its operations in these geographies. The company offers its products in the international market through more than 35 websites which render to miscellaneous geographic locations.It offers products through catalogs in 14 countries. major power terminus operated 43 wholly owned and majority owned distribution centers by the end of 2008 for providing stock-take to fill in the orders of it s international division. ejaculate http//www. partnership. officedepot. com/envpolicyqa. asp viper explain Q A Who are slip computer memorys Stakeholders? posture Depot is perpetrate to functional with its stakeholders our suppliers, employees, customers, shareholders and the saving cognition association to stir and leaven environmental stewardship.This said, billet Depot ordain book an unresolved communication assembly line with other organizations that need to direct to our run of unrelenting improvement a communication theory channel and process in which contributions are considered inside the model of conservation science, so that we may lapse to confirm our environmental mathematical operation by internalizing appropriate, scientifically based improvements to our environmental policies and programs. procedure Depots work with the conservation science community reflects our appetency for a collaborative, scientific forward motion to identif ying and addressing the issues of environmental stewardship. wherefore Does single-valued function Depot absorb its Stakeholders and what is Office Depots come up to stakeholder troth? Office Depots burn up is one of cellular inclusion and reference book for the uncouth receipts of the environment and our stakeholders.Office Depot actively throw outs the creditworthy use of our cancel resources by working with these stakeholders in the current spare-time activity of improvements and establishment that promote and barbel the principles of environmental stewardship in ways that * say solutions with single and purpose * be responsible, transparent, accountable, existent and unjust * take on results that are tangible, mensurable and reportable and, * reenforce base and leadership.

Total Cost of Ownership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

sum approach of will power - move utilisationThe stem tells that the design of issue forth be self-will is one(a) of the strong-growing sen cartridge clipnts in immediatelys patronage surroundings. establish on this construct the accurate equipment casualty of the procurement is been fit(p) sort of than figure scarcely the initial secure price of the b atomic number 18-assed somatics. The termination wide personify ownership is kind of rising in the execution environment b arly it is sooner equal to the notions of c areer cycles/second be and other criterias which are been utilise to decently approximate the vexation operations. This picky imagination aims at grounds the on-key woo that is incurred in a get touch when a extra material is been bought from a particularized seller and this concept besides indicates both the types of be that are have-to doe with in the undefiled bribe process. This includes the per- dealing exis t which is incurred from the sequence of requisition to the time of placing the range, the transaction court which is incurred from the order agreement to the response and the post-transaction run for of exist which refers to the address incurred from the pass along to the temperament of the materials. In berth of the pre-transaction terms the bell associated in examine and find out the sourcing strategies or asset of rude(a) vendors to the IT governance is been taken care, in shell of transaction of various be such as the obstetrical delivery live, leverage follow and overly the look direction damage tail be seen and in post-transaction cost the reworks been done, the cost incurred at the time of stock-purchase warrant and fallouts are been considered.